It's obvious who did (greedy landlords + "urban youths" + draconian policies against anyone under the age of 17 to target the "youths" + being built a highway drive away from you to begin with), but most importantly the elephant in the room nobody will mention in "death of retail" posts is that demographics are why they died (I'm deliberately excluding Amazon due to the sheer amount of poor/fake quality products).
You know the Dixie Square Mall? The OG dead mall? The mall that was infamously immortalized in the Blues Brothers car chase scene? The mall that was then left to rot for decades until the city eventually cleaned up that site (at the pace of local government, so snails pace?) It literally ended up that way because the nice part of town became the hood, and in the 1970s there were murders there or around there. One look at where it was built [url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/568.html]reveals what happened[/url]: they picked the absolute worst place to build a mall in hindsight.
There's a few malls like this near me too. Places that were well off became hood as fuck or just didn't have people willing to drop cash at overpriced "mall stores" where socialization gets mall cops on your ass, there's two malls that are closed and slated to be torn down "eventually", and most importantly the only mall around me that is still active is in a very "affluent" suburb and has high end stores, and is surrounded by the kind of shit you see in those neighborhoods like Whole Foods, fancy ass restaurants, and hipster "fast casual" places like Noodles and Co that die when they're built on a bus route.
Oh, and even the Apple Store at this mall has hired gun security people there for "obvious" reasons.