The global economy is experiencing a steady but slow recovery, with the World Economic Outlook projecting a 3.2% growth rate for both 2024 and 2025. This growth rate is consistent with the 3.2% rate seen in 2023, but it is the lowest forecasted growth rate in decades. Inflation is expected to decline steadily, from 6.8% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2025. However, core inflation is projected to decline more gradually. Despite significant central bank interest rate hikes to restore price stability, the global economy has been resilient, although the pace of expansion is low by historical standards.
In the United States, the labor market appears to have mostly recovered from the COVID-19 shock and is stronger than before, with early 2022 seeing a return to pre-pandemic levels. However, the focus on the deficit continues, with investors beginning to worry about federal budget deficits again. Interest rates on U.S. Treasuries moved up sharply in fiscal year 2023, with the deficit doubling from about $1 trillion in FY 2022 to $2 trillion in FY 2023. The standoff over the debt limit, the threat of a government shutdown, and the downgrading of U.S. debt by Fitch all increased concern about political dysfunction in Washington.
The increase in interest rates has also led to increased concern over the deficit, as higher interest rates lead to a faster rise in the debt for any given set of tax and spending policies. The fiscal deficit roughly doubled to $1.84 trillion—7.4% of GDP—in fiscal 2023 from $950 billion in 2022. While the full extent of this year’s deficit expansion would not be considered stimulus in a classic sense, it is clear the federal government took in a lot less cash than it sent out. Looking to 2024, we expect the federal deficit to narrow to a still very large 5.9% of GDP, reflecting a bit of belt-tightening on the spending side partly offset by higher interest outlays on government debt.
The housing market is effectively frozen, with real residential investment tumbling at a 12% seasonally adjusted annual rate over the past six quarters. Meanwhile, home values rose 6% in 2023—to near all-time highs—amid tight supply and historically low vacancies. Given the already large drop in recent years, we think the housing market is one area of the economy that could perform better in 2024 than in 2023, even if trends remain soft in the near term.
From an Austrian economics perspective, these macroeconomic developments highlight the importance of sound money and a stable monetary policy. The increase in interest rates and the focus on the deficit reflect concerns about political dysfunction and the long-term sustainability of current fiscal policies. The frozen housing market and the slow pace of economic expansion suggest that there are structural issues preventing capital and labor from moving to more productive firms.
Bitcoin, as a decentralized and deflationary currency, offers a potential solution to these issues. Bitcoin's limited supply and decentralized nature make it resistant to political manipulation and inflationary pressures. By using bitcoin as a medium of exchange, individuals and businesses can protect themselves from the risks associated with fiat currencies and government intervention. Furthermore, bitcoin's blockchain technology enables peer-to-peer transactions, reducing the need for intermediaries and increasing economic efficiency.
In conclusion, the steady but slow recovery of the global economy, the focus on the deficit in the United States, and the frozen housing market highlight the importance of sound money and a stable monetary policy. Bitcoin, as a decentralized and deflationary currency, offers a potential solution to these issues, providing a stable and secure medium of exchange that is resistant to political manipulation and inflationary pressures.
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