hi! I was trained in anthropology and am a longtime sci-fi fan. this colony / off-world stuff is one of my fav background thinking-puzzles, when I have spare think-time! I adore Neal Stephenson's Anathem!
I think we want to use care about choosing / fine-tuning which culture elements we export in our off-planet colonies. and the whole concept of "use care" to choose these details is so messy right off the bat that I'm not sure we'll manage even this basic challenge. can we even agree on core basics like shared ethical values?
how do we figure out what to give our colonists as the best possible "social life templates" for building a resource-poor, constantly hostile enviro-challenged first phase colony? I want to create pre-enactment colonies (like the historic re-enact ones) to run real experiments for how we imagine their future might be. running lots of long-cycle sims of colonies' economies, governance models and other details would be a worthwhile effort too, imo.
as for the most significant problem, I'm going with figuring out closed-loop, pressure vessel life cycle solutions. once we get that solved, I want to ask if a "deadly" planet (like Mars) is the optimal destination, or should we be thinking of how to master generation ships instead? they're both still "pressure vessel living" situations. which one (if either one) is the better vector for our long term species survival goals?