As the sea ice refreeze begins by late September, we start the season with the largest Arctic amplification trends (boreal fall)... Heat absorbed in the upper ocean gets exchanged into the overlying atmosphere.
September temperature trends from CopernicusECMWF (npub13av…8hhw) ERA5 reanalysis. More info on Arctic climate at: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0101.1
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