📅 Original date posted:2015-07-30
📝 Original message:tl;dr
$100 worth of hardware and $1/mo of expenses, should be able to run a full
Bitcoin node until 2020 with BIP101-size blocks.
----
I got into Bitcoin in the summer of 2010. I'm not a cryptographer, up until
recently my profession has been as a server administrator or systems
engineer.
I'd like to take a second to address the concern that larger blocks would
make it harder to run a full node on limited hardware and would therefore
hurt decentralization. I run two nodes today, one on server-grade hardware
at a datacenter and another on a mini-ITX Atom (dual core) system at my
home.
I detailed the operational costs of my home node today on reddit:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3f0h8e/mike_h_shuts_down_eric_ls_attempt_to_rewrite/ctkigpr
If I was a new user, wanting to run a full node. The most cost effective
way would likely be with a Raspberry Pi 2 and a 2TB external HDD. Total
cost about $100, including charger, microSD card, etc. That is less than
the cost of a TREZOR hardware wallet. As far as home projects go, not
terribly expensive.
Next, it will need power. According to the Wikipedia article, the rpi 2
model B uses 3.5 watts of power max. The 2TB external drive will draw about
5 watts at max. That's a total of 8.5 watts or 6.205 Kwh per month. In my
area (North Texas) power is about $0.10/Kwh, which means my little node
costs $0.62 per month in power.
Last, lets look at bandwidth. It's difficult to quantify bandwidth cost in
the same way because this is a home connection, mainly because I don't know
how to price in the loss of enjoyment if the system impacts my Internet
usage to a noticeable degree. Luckily, I have some real world data from my
existing home node. Here is the last month:
http://imgur.com/YmJwQpN
This system averages 120 Kbps in and 544 Kbps out. Note, this data is
somewhat skewed, because the system is also used for seeding torrents of
various open source projects. The Bitcoin node itself is typically
connected to about 20 peers at any given time (maxconnections=20).
Subjectively, my wife and I have never noticed any degradation of
performance due to my home server using too much bandwidth. I think it's
safe to say that I can treat the bandwidth is uses as effectively free,
since it's piggybacking on a connection I would be paying for even if I was
not running a Bitcoin node. The bandwidth usage of this Bitcoin node could
increase significantly, without any noticeable impact. If it did, I could
always lower maxconnections back to 8.
The only real constraint seems to be hard drive space, as the full
blockchain and indexes take up about 50GB of space currently. If BIP101 is
implemented, 2TB of storage should be enough for me to continue running my
hypothetical $100 node until about 2020.
It seems to me that at least for the next 5 years, the "small devices" of
today can easily run Bitcoin nodes with BIP101-size blocks, with very
little operational cost.
If anyone would like more detailed data on my existing nodes, please let me
know and I'll attempt to provide it (so long as it doesn't impact my
privacy of course).
On Wed, Jul 29, 2015 at 10:49 PM Adam Back via bitcoin-dev <
bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> I dont think people consider other blockchains as a competitive
> threat. A PoW-blockchain is a largely singleton data structure for
> security reasons (single highest hashrate), it is hard for an
> alternative chain to bootstrap or provide meaningful security.
> Secondly the world largely lacks expertise to maintain a blockchain to
> bitcoin's security level, perhaps you can see a hint of this in the
> recently disclosed security vulnerability by Pieter Wuille and Gregory
> Maxwell. Calls to this as an argument are not resonating and probably
> not helping your argument. Bitcoin has security properties, and a
> competing system cant achieve better properties by bypassing security,
> any blockchain faces the same fundamental security / decentralisation
> limitations.
>
> Secondly Bitcoin can obviously compete with itself with different
> parameters and defacto *does* today. I think it is a safe estimate
> that > 99% of Bitcoin transactions right now are happening in Bitcoin
> related systems with various degrees of audit, reconciliation,
> provable reserves etc. I think we can expect this to continue and
> become more secure via more reconciliation, and longer term via
> lightning or Bitcoin sidechains with different parameters. It is a
> different story to have a single central system (Bitcoin with
> parameters changed to the point of centralisation failure) vs having
> multiple choices, because some transactions can more easily use
> relatively centralised systems (eg micropayments), and more
> interestingly the combination of a secure and decentralised layer 1
> plus choices of less decentralised layer 2 options, can be interesting
> because the layer 2 is provided cover from attack. There is less to
> be gained by attacking relatively centralised layer 2 because any
> payments at risk of policy abuse (which is typically a small subset)
> can easily switch to layer 1. That in itself makes layer 2
> transactions also less susceptible to policy abuse. Further lightning
> it appears from work so far should add significant scale while
> retaining trustlessness and a good degree of decentralisation.
>
> Finally you seem to be focusing on "artificial" limits where that is
> not the issue under consideration. The limits are technical and
> relating to decentralisation and security. I wont go over them again
> as this topic has been covered many times in recent months. Any chain
> that tried to go to extreme parameters (very low block intervals, or
> very large blocksizes) would have the same decentralisation problems
> as Bitcoin would if it did the same thing. There are a number of alt
> coins that have failed as a result of poor parameter choices, there
> are inherent security limits.
>
> Adam
>
> ps Etiquette note for yourself and others: please dont be repetitive
> or attempt to be forceful. Many people have spent many years
> understanding this very complex system, from my own experience it is
> rare indeed to think of an entirely new concept or analysis, that
> hasnt' been long considered and put to bed 3 or 4 years ago.
> Thoughtful polite and constructive comments are welcome but I
> recommend to not start from an assumption that you have a clear and
> better insight than the entire technical community, because I have to
> say from my own experience that is very rarely the case. It can be
> useful to test theories on #bitcoin IRC channel to find out what has
> been already concluded, find the references and avoid having to have
> that hashed out on this list which is trying to be focussed on
> technical solutions.
>
>
> On 29 July 2015 at 16:10, Raystonn . via bitcoin-dev
> <bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> >> Cheapest way to send value? Is this what Bitcoin is trying to do? So
> >> all of the smart contract, programmable money, consensus coding and
> >> tremendous developer effort is bent to the consumer demand for cheaper
> >> fees. Surely thou jests!
> >
> >
> > These other features can be replicated into any alternative blockchain,
> > including those with lower fees. In the open-source world of
> > cryptocurrency, no feature will remain a value-add for very long after it
> > has been identified to be such. Anything adding value will quickly be
> > absorbed into competing alternative blockchains. That will leave
> economic
> > policy as the distinguishing factor.
> >
> >> ... it is not the case ... that reluctance to concede
> >> blocksize is an attempt to constrain capacity. Greg Maxwell thoroughly
> >> explained in this thread that the protocol's current state of
> >> development relies on blocksize for security and, ultimately, as a
> >> means of protecting its degree of decentralization.
> >
> >
> > A slow or lack of increase to maximum transaction rate will cause
> pressure
> > on fees. Whether this is the desired goal is not relevant. Everyone has
> > agreed this will be the outcome. As to a smaller block size being needed
> > for additional decentralization, one must simply ask how much we are all
> > willing to pay for that additional decentralization. It is likely that
> the
> > benefit thereto will have to be demonstrated by some power attacking and
> > destroying a less decentralized currency before the benefit of this
> feature
> > is given monetary value by the market. Until then, value will bleed to
> the
> > network with the least friction, because it will have the greatest
> ability
> > to grow its network effect. That means the blockchain with adequate
> > features and cheapest fees will eventually have the largest market share.
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message----- From: Venzen Khaosan
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 29, 2015 3:11 PM
> > To: Raystonn .
> > Cc: bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org
> > Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] Why Satoshi's temporary anti-spam measure
> > isn'ttemporary
> >
> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> > Hash: SHA1
> >
> > Raystonn, I'm aware that you're addressing your question to Greg
> > Maxwell, however a point you keep stating as fact calls for reference:
> >
> > On 07/30/2015 04:28 AM, Raystonn . via bitcoin-dev wrote:
> > [snip]
> >>
> >> How do you plan to address the bleeding of value from Bitcoin to
> >> alternative lower-fee blockchains created by the artificially-high
> >> bitcoin transaction fees when users begin looking for the cheapest
> >> way to send value?
> >
> > Cheapest way to send value? Is this what Bitcoin is trying to do? So
> > all of the smart contract, programmable money, consensus coding and
> > tremendous developer effort is bent to the consumer demand for cheaper
> > fees. Surely thou jests!
> >
> >> Modern economic study has shown that liquidity moves to the
> >> location of least friction.
> >
> > Modern economic study? Can you please provide a link or reference to
> > the study you are referring to.
> >
> > "liquidity moves to the location of least friction"
> >
> > This sounds like "econo-speak" and makes no sense. The definition of
> > Liquidity is the degree to which an asset/security can be bought or
> > sold in the market without affecting the price.
> >
> > That is why bitcoin is said to have low liquidity: buying or selling
> > only 100 BTC visibly affects the exchange price. You probably mean
> > "people like cheap fees", which is true, but as others have said,
> > because of Bitcoin's powerful features, they are willing to pay higher
> > fees and wait longer for transactions to execute.
> >
> > As for your public cross-examination of Greg Maxwell, your case seems
> > to be made on the assumption that limiting the size of the blockchain
> > is an attempt to artificially raise tx fees, but it is not the case
> > (as you and others repeatedly argue) that reluctance to concede
> > blocksize is an attempt to constrain capacity. Greg Maxwell thoroughly
> > explained in this thread that the protocol's current state of
> > development relies on blocksize for security and, ultimately, as a
> > means of protecting its degree of decentralization.
> >
> > Surely, this is an obvious concern even for those who are campaigning
> > for the hare-brained ideal of making Bitcoin a "faster, cheaper
> > alternative" to visa or paypal? If we lose decentralization, we lose
> > the whole thing, right? Incorrect or correct?
> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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> > _______________________________________________
> > bitcoin-dev mailing list
> > bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org
> > https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
> _______________________________________________
> bitcoin-dev mailing list
> bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org
> https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
>
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Andrew LeCody [ARCHIVE] /
npub10q…rt9pg
2023-06-07 15:43:58
in reply to nevent1q…96c3
Author Public Key
npub10qzuhfx33295fwj8eq86vlfc9e5mkzj5lzzpcwhj2yqyae3jetysxrt9pgPublished at
2023-06-07 15:43:58Event JSON
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"content": "📅 Original date posted:2015-07-30\n📝 Original message:tl;dr\n$100 worth of hardware and $1/mo of expenses, should be able to run a full\nBitcoin node until 2020 with BIP101-size blocks.\n\n----\n\nI got into Bitcoin in the summer of 2010. I'm not a cryptographer, up until\nrecently my profession has been as a server administrator or systems\nengineer.\n\nI'd like to take a second to address the concern that larger blocks would\nmake it harder to run a full node on limited hardware and would therefore\nhurt decentralization. I run two nodes today, one on server-grade hardware\nat a datacenter and another on a mini-ITX Atom (dual core) system at my\nhome.\n\nI detailed the operational costs of my home node today on reddit:\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3f0h8e/mike_h_shuts_down_eric_ls_attempt_to_rewrite/ctkigpr\n\nIf I was a new user, wanting to run a full node. The most cost effective\nway would likely be with a Raspberry Pi 2 and a 2TB external HDD. Total\ncost about $100, including charger, microSD card, etc. That is less than\nthe cost of a TREZOR hardware wallet. As far as home projects go, not\nterribly expensive.\n\nNext, it will need power. According to the Wikipedia article, the rpi 2\nmodel B uses 3.5 watts of power max. The 2TB external drive will draw about\n5 watts at max. That's a total of 8.5 watts or 6.205 Kwh per month. In my\narea (North Texas) power is about $0.10/Kwh, which means my little node\ncosts $0.62 per month in power.\n\nLast, lets look at bandwidth. It's difficult to quantify bandwidth cost in\nthe same way because this is a home connection, mainly because I don't know\nhow to price in the loss of enjoyment if the system impacts my Internet\nusage to a noticeable degree. Luckily, I have some real world data from my\nexisting home node. Here is the last month:\nhttp://imgur.com/YmJwQpN\n\nThis system averages 120 Kbps in and 544 Kbps out. Note, this data is\nsomewhat skewed, because the system is also used for seeding torrents of\nvarious open source projects. The Bitcoin node itself is typically\nconnected to about 20 peers at any given time (maxconnections=20).\n\nSubjectively, my wife and I have never noticed any degradation of\nperformance due to my home server using too much bandwidth. I think it's\nsafe to say that I can treat the bandwidth is uses as effectively free,\nsince it's piggybacking on a connection I would be paying for even if I was\nnot running a Bitcoin node. The bandwidth usage of this Bitcoin node could\nincrease significantly, without any noticeable impact. If it did, I could\nalways lower maxconnections back to 8.\n\nThe only real constraint seems to be hard drive space, as the full\nblockchain and indexes take up about 50GB of space currently. If BIP101 is\nimplemented, 2TB of storage should be enough for me to continue running my\nhypothetical $100 node until about 2020.\n\nIt seems to me that at least for the next 5 years, the \"small devices\" of\ntoday can easily run Bitcoin nodes with BIP101-size blocks, with very\nlittle operational cost.\n\nIf anyone would like more detailed data on my existing nodes, please let me\nknow and I'll attempt to provide it (so long as it doesn't impact my\nprivacy of course).\n\nOn Wed, Jul 29, 2015 at 10:49 PM Adam Back via bitcoin-dev \u003c\nbitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org\u003e wrote:\n\n\u003e I dont think people consider other blockchains as a competitive\n\u003e threat. A PoW-blockchain is a largely singleton data structure for\n\u003e security reasons (single highest hashrate), it is hard for an\n\u003e alternative chain to bootstrap or provide meaningful security.\n\u003e Secondly the world largely lacks expertise to maintain a blockchain to\n\u003e bitcoin's security level, perhaps you can see a hint of this in the\n\u003e recently disclosed security vulnerability by Pieter Wuille and Gregory\n\u003e Maxwell. Calls to this as an argument are not resonating and probably\n\u003e not helping your argument. Bitcoin has security properties, and a\n\u003e competing system cant achieve better properties by bypassing security,\n\u003e any blockchain faces the same fundamental security / decentralisation\n\u003e limitations.\n\u003e\n\u003e Secondly Bitcoin can obviously compete with itself with different\n\u003e parameters and defacto *does* today. I think it is a safe estimate\n\u003e that \u003e 99% of Bitcoin transactions right now are happening in Bitcoin\n\u003e related systems with various degrees of audit, reconciliation,\n\u003e provable reserves etc. I think we can expect this to continue and\n\u003e become more secure via more reconciliation, and longer term via\n\u003e lightning or Bitcoin sidechains with different parameters. It is a\n\u003e different story to have a single central system (Bitcoin with\n\u003e parameters changed to the point of centralisation failure) vs having\n\u003e multiple choices, because some transactions can more easily use\n\u003e relatively centralised systems (eg micropayments), and more\n\u003e interestingly the combination of a secure and decentralised layer 1\n\u003e plus choices of less decentralised layer 2 options, can be interesting\n\u003e because the layer 2 is provided cover from attack. There is less to\n\u003e be gained by attacking relatively centralised layer 2 because any\n\u003e payments at risk of policy abuse (which is typically a small subset)\n\u003e can easily switch to layer 1. That in itself makes layer 2\n\u003e transactions also less susceptible to policy abuse. Further lightning\n\u003e it appears from work so far should add significant scale while\n\u003e retaining trustlessness and a good degree of decentralisation.\n\u003e\n\u003e Finally you seem to be focusing on \"artificial\" limits where that is\n\u003e not the issue under consideration. The limits are technical and\n\u003e relating to decentralisation and security. I wont go over them again\n\u003e as this topic has been covered many times in recent months. Any chain\n\u003e that tried to go to extreme parameters (very low block intervals, or\n\u003e very large blocksizes) would have the same decentralisation problems\n\u003e as Bitcoin would if it did the same thing. There are a number of alt\n\u003e coins that have failed as a result of poor parameter choices, there\n\u003e are inherent security limits.\n\u003e\n\u003e Adam\n\u003e\n\u003e ps Etiquette note for yourself and others: please dont be repetitive\n\u003e or attempt to be forceful. Many people have spent many years\n\u003e understanding this very complex system, from my own experience it is\n\u003e rare indeed to think of an entirely new concept or analysis, that\n\u003e hasnt' been long considered and put to bed 3 or 4 years ago.\n\u003e Thoughtful polite and constructive comments are welcome but I\n\u003e recommend to not start from an assumption that you have a clear and\n\u003e better insight than the entire technical community, because I have to\n\u003e say from my own experience that is very rarely the case. It can be\n\u003e useful to test theories on #bitcoin IRC channel to find out what has\n\u003e been already concluded, find the references and avoid having to have\n\u003e that hashed out on this list which is trying to be focussed on\n\u003e technical solutions.\n\u003e\n\u003e\n\u003e On 29 July 2015 at 16:10, Raystonn . via bitcoin-dev\n\u003e \u003cbitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org\u003e wrote:\n\u003e \u003e\u003e Cheapest way to send value? Is this what Bitcoin is trying to do? So\n\u003e \u003e\u003e all of the smart contract, programmable money, consensus coding and\n\u003e \u003e\u003e tremendous developer effort is bent to the consumer demand for cheaper\n\u003e \u003e\u003e fees. Surely thou jests!\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e These other features can be replicated into any alternative blockchain,\n\u003e \u003e including those with lower fees. In the open-source world of\n\u003e \u003e cryptocurrency, no feature will remain a value-add for very long after it\n\u003e \u003e has been identified to be such. Anything adding value will quickly be\n\u003e \u003e absorbed into competing alternative blockchains. That will leave\n\u003e economic\n\u003e \u003e policy as the distinguishing factor.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e\u003e ... it is not the case ... that reluctance to concede\n\u003e \u003e\u003e blocksize is an attempt to constrain capacity. Greg Maxwell thoroughly\n\u003e \u003e\u003e explained in this thread that the protocol's current state of\n\u003e \u003e\u003e development relies on blocksize for security and, ultimately, as a\n\u003e \u003e\u003e means of protecting its degree of decentralization.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e A slow or lack of increase to maximum transaction rate will cause\n\u003e pressure\n\u003e \u003e on fees. Whether this is the desired goal is not relevant. Everyone has\n\u003e \u003e agreed this will be the outcome. As to a smaller block size being needed\n\u003e \u003e for additional decentralization, one must simply ask how much we are all\n\u003e \u003e willing to pay for that additional decentralization. It is likely that\n\u003e the\n\u003e \u003e benefit thereto will have to be demonstrated by some power attacking and\n\u003e \u003e destroying a less decentralized currency before the benefit of this\n\u003e feature\n\u003e \u003e is given monetary value by the market. Until then, value will bleed to\n\u003e the\n\u003e \u003e network with the least friction, because it will have the greatest\n\u003e ability\n\u003e \u003e to grow its network effect. That means the blockchain with adequate\n\u003e \u003e features and cheapest fees will eventually have the largest market share.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e -----Original Message----- From: Venzen Khaosan\n\u003e \u003e Sent: Wednesday, July 29, 2015 3:11 PM\n\u003e \u003e To: Raystonn .\n\u003e \u003e Cc: bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org\n\u003e \u003e Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] Why Satoshi's temporary anti-spam measure\n\u003e \u003e isn'ttemporary\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\n\u003e \u003e Hash: SHA1\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e Raystonn, I'm aware that you're addressing your question to Greg\n\u003e \u003e Maxwell, however a point you keep stating as fact calls for reference:\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e On 07/30/2015 04:28 AM, Raystonn . via bitcoin-dev wrote:\n\u003e \u003e [snip]\n\u003e \u003e\u003e\n\u003e \u003e\u003e How do you plan to address the bleeding of value from Bitcoin to\n\u003e \u003e\u003e alternative lower-fee blockchains created by the artificially-high\n\u003e \u003e\u003e bitcoin transaction fees when users begin looking for the cheapest\n\u003e \u003e\u003e way to send value?\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e Cheapest way to send value? Is this what Bitcoin is trying to do? So\n\u003e \u003e all of the smart contract, programmable money, consensus coding and\n\u003e \u003e tremendous developer effort is bent to the consumer demand for cheaper\n\u003e \u003e fees. Surely thou jests!\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e\u003e Modern economic study has shown that liquidity moves to the\n\u003e \u003e\u003e location of least friction.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e Modern economic study? Can you please provide a link or reference to\n\u003e \u003e the study you are referring to.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e \"liquidity moves to the location of least friction\"\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e This sounds like \"econo-speak\" and makes no sense. The definition of\n\u003e \u003e Liquidity is the degree to which an asset/security can be bought or\n\u003e \u003e sold in the market without affecting the price.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e That is why bitcoin is said to have low liquidity: buying or selling\n\u003e \u003e only 100 BTC visibly affects the exchange price. You probably mean\n\u003e \u003e \"people like cheap fees\", which is true, but as others have said,\n\u003e \u003e because of Bitcoin's powerful features, they are willing to pay higher\n\u003e \u003e fees and wait longer for transactions to execute.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e As for your public cross-examination of Greg Maxwell, your case seems\n\u003e \u003e to be made on the assumption that limiting the size of the blockchain\n\u003e \u003e is an attempt to artificially raise tx fees, but it is not the case\n\u003e \u003e (as you and others repeatedly argue) that reluctance to concede\n\u003e \u003e blocksize is an attempt to constrain capacity. Greg Maxwell thoroughly\n\u003e \u003e explained in this thread that the protocol's current state of\n\u003e \u003e development relies on blocksize for security and, ultimately, as a\n\u003e \u003e means of protecting its degree of decentralization.\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e Surely, this is an obvious concern even for those who are campaigning\n\u003e \u003e for the hare-brained ideal of making Bitcoin a \"faster, cheaper\n\u003e \u003e alternative\" to visa or paypal? If we lose decentralization, we lose\n\u003e \u003e the whole thing, right? Incorrect or correct?\n\u003e \u003e -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\u003e \u003e Version: GnuPG v1\n\u003e \u003e\n\u003e \u003e iQEcBAEBAgAGBQJVuU+rAAoJEGwAhlQc8H1m9nkH/00xXJ53H4qvHjPrdNRniwvB\n\u003e \u003e RXi96QjbnVj/fxU2J2TBPYF1LxJ13avyL58bbaJF7GKqcpoYNZArCKLQyGaZGCTp\n\u003e \u003e h7Oe/0S+b1QCrvxcVK8Ikeb7a1h9wnhAPf1FvAWoJ1cFGx/qGHetKqx1dQTWkVWz\n\u003e \u003e Mp17vjaofmp2OhBzh0Smj+wV9hXn9w9giZKc6UGvC0Qc7Rf3GL/YVJzM2CZNvlLS\n\u003e \u003e YhQSqnnqduugYztqLV/NvNExF41zC2IMyNmA41q46v/nh8stNSIcJleD39csNMfx\n\u003e \u003e BXjrlnPfZ+JI4RhiH3I0qjOYWPtBH9od788DY509EOn3MT4vU+EVcQaxyuFqZyw=\n\u003e \u003e =lQvy\n\u003e \u003e -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n\u003e \u003e _______________________________________________\n\u003e \u003e bitcoin-dev mailing list\n\u003e \u003e bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org\n\u003e \u003e https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev\n\u003e _______________________________________________\n\u003e bitcoin-dev mailing list\n\u003e bitcoin-dev at lists.linuxfoundation.org\n\u003e https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev\n\u003e\n-------------- next part --------------\nAn HTML attachment was scrubbed...\nURL: \u003chttp://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/attachments/20150730/54c3c041/attachment-0001.html\u003e",
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